MODERN ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSING AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE PATHOLOGY OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY ORGANS

Abstract

This study examines the modern aspects of laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment in the management of acute abdominal pathology. The rapid advancement of endovideosurgery has made laparoscopy an effective and minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic method in emergency abdominal surgery.The study is based on a retrospective and prospective analysis of 322 patients hospitalized at the Pediatric Surgery Department of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care, Samarkand branch, between 2007 and 2019. The collected data were statistically and analytically processed to evaluate the efficiency of laparoscopic interventions.The findings indicate that laparoscopic diagnostics confirmed and refined the preliminary diagnosis in 161 (50%) cases, ruled out suspected pathology in 91 (28%) patients, and led to a revised diagnosis in 70 (22%) cases. Laparoscopic surgery was also highly effective in managing acute appendicitis, perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers, peritonitis, and traumatic abdominal injuries, reducing the need for traditional open surgery.Laparoscopy plays a crucial role in emergency abdominal surgery by minimizing unnecessary laparotomies, shortening diagnostic time, and decreasing postoperative complications. Its implementation improves surgical outcomes and enhances patient recovery, making it an optimal method for modern emergency abdominal pathology management.