ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНАЯ ПНЕВМОНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ: ПРИЧИНЫ, МЕХАНИЗМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ, МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ТЕРАПИИ
Ключевые слова:
внебольничная пневмония, эпидемиология, дети, диагностика, лечение.Аннотация
Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) у детей остается одной из наиболее актуальных проблем педиатрии, обладая высокой заболеваемостью и значительными последствиями для здоровья. В статье рассматриваются основные причины развития ВП у детей, включая вирусные, бактериальные и смешанные инфекции, а также механизмы, лежащие в основе патогенеза заболевания. Подробно анализируются клинические проявления, которые могут варьироваться в зависимости от возраста пациента и факторов риска. Особое внимание уделено современным методам диагностики, терапии внебольничной пневмонии, который зависит от этиологии инфекции, возраста пациента и тяжести состояния. Рассматриваются различные терапевтические стратегии, включая антибиотикотерапию, антивирусные препараты и поддерживающее лечение, с акцентом на необходимость индивидуального подхода. В заключение подчеркивается важность своевременного выявления и адекватного лечения заболевания для предотвращения осложнений и снижения уровня летальности среди детей.
Библиографические ссылки
Acar, P., et al. CT scan in children with community-acquired pneumonia: Benefits and challenges. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Pulmonology, 2021. 19(3), 52-60.
Antonov, I.P. The course of pneumonia in children with chronic diseases: Problems of diagnosis and treatment. Clinical medicine and surgery, 2021. 18(4), 110-115. (in Russ)
Ashkenazi, S., Shouval, D. Clinical management of viral pneumonia in children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2019. 38(9), 798-805.
Belyaeva, N. I., Fedorova, Yu. V. Features of clinical manifestations of pneumonia in children of different ages. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2018. 11(1), 25-30. (in Russ).
Cantey, J. B., Thomas, M. Pediatric viral pneumonia management: The role of supportive care. American Journal of Pediatric Infectious Disease, 2021. 28(4), 65-70.
Chernyshev, A.S., Belyaeva, O.M. Antibiotic therapy in the treatment of pneumonia in children. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2019. 8(2), 77-83. (in Russ).
Coudray, L., et al. Effectiveness of empiric antibiotic treatment in children with community-acquired pneumonia: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2019. 31(8), 68-74.
Garcia, P., et al. Early diagnosis of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal, 2020. 39(4), 310-317.
Goldstein, S., et al. Antibiotic resistance in pediatric pneumonia: Trends and implications for treatment. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal, 2020. 39(4), 245-252.
Grigorieva, L.A. Atypical pneumonia in children: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae as causative agents. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020. 16(3), 58-63. (in Russ).
Harris, M., Coughlan, D. A review of imaging techniques for diagnosing pneumonia in children: The role of CT. Pediatric Pulmonology, 2018. 53(6), 1382-1391.
Hines, M., Finkelstein, L. Empiric antibiotic therapy for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A global perspective. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2021. 39(5), 213-219.
Horne, A., & Alston, L. Diagnostic markers for viral versus bacterial pneumonia in children: A comprehensive review. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2020. 39(7), 200-205.
Ibatova Sh.M., Abdullaeva M.E., Mamatkulova D.Kh. Diagnosis of pneumonia in children and indications for hospitalization. International Journal of Scientific Pediatrics. 2024. Vol. 3, No. 5 P. 595-598. (in Russ).
Ibatova Sh.M., Ergashev A.Kh., Mamatkulova F.Kh., Suvankulova A.I. Pneumonia in young children. International Scientific Journal "Problems of Biology and Medicine", Samarkand, 2018. No. 3 (102). –P.169-173. (in Russ).
Ivanova, M. V., Petrov, A.I. Community-acquired pneumonia in children: Causes and mechanisms of development. Journal of Pediatric Medicine, 2020. 15(3), 45-52. (in Russ).
Johnson, R., Brown, T. Diagnostic approach to pediatric pneumonia. European Respiratory Journal, 2019. 54(5), 135-140.
Karron, R. A., & Kline, A. The role of antibiotics in pediatric pneumonia treatment: A review of recent evidence. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2020. 38(4), 215-223.
Klein, K., et al. Effectiveness of PCR testing in diagnosing pediatric pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2021. 223(6), 957-965.
Kline, A., Liao, J. Antiviral therapy in pediatric pneumonia: Current evidence and future perspectives. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2019. 38(11), 1087-1095.
Lee, S., Ellis, A. Pneumonia in children: Diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies in Europe and North America. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Medicine, 2020. 10(2), 110-120.
Melnikov, P. S., Kuznetsova, E. A. Ethology of pneumonia in children: Bacterial, viral and atypical pathogens. Issues of Clinical Infectious Pathology, 2021. 12(4), 102-108. (in Russ).
Mishchenko, A.M., Kirillova, T.V. Diagnosis and therapy of viral pneumonia in children. Modern Pediatrics, 2019. 9(3), 9(3), 45-49. (in Russ).
Morrow, R., Davies, S. Respiratory syncytial virus and childhood pneumonia: Advances in therapy. European Respiratory Journal, 2021. 17(2), 101-110.
Marlow, L., Stevenson, L. Dual therapy for pediatric pneumonia: Optimizing treatment strategies. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2020. 39(2), 111-117.
Orlova, O.P. Early detection and treatment of pneumonia in children: Key aspects. Pediatric Therapy, 2022. 14(5), 94-100. (in Russ).
Sidorov, V.K. Viral infections in children: The role of respiratory viruses in the development of pneumonia. Pediatric Bulletin, 2020. 13(2), 87-92. (in Russ).
Smirnova, T. V. Current diagnostic methods for community-acquired pneumonia in children. Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 2019. 7(2), 76-80. (in Russ).
Stewart, M., et al. Ribavirin use in respiratory syncytial virus infections: Benefits and limitations. Pediatric Pulmonology, 2020. 55(6), 1122-1130.
Turner, S., et al. Azithromycin therapy for pediatric pneumonia: A global evidence review. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2021. 59(2), 121-128.
Wheeler, M., et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A global review of the microbiological and clinical features. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2020. 40(3), 202-208.
Williams, C., et al. Role of imaging in pediatric pneumonia diagnosis. Journal of Pediatric Radiology, 2021. 13(1), 45-53.
