BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF DESERT PLANTS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOETHANOL ASPECTS

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological potential of Peganum harmala and Climacoptera lanata. It focuses on the beneficial effects of biologically active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, and vitamins present in these plants on human health, and analyzes their applicability in the pharmaceutical industry. The study identified high concentrations of alkaloids such as harmaline and harmine in Peganum harmala, which exhibit antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and sedative properties. Climacoptera lanata was found to be rich in flavonoids and vitamin C. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of extracts from both plants was experimentally confirmed. The research also explored the potential for bioethanol production from the residual biomass of these plants through hydrolysis and fermentation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining stable quantities of bioethanol from processed plant residues, indicating that Peganum harmala and Climacoptera lanata are not only valuable medicinal sources but also promising raw materials for environmentally friendly biofuel production.