ИНФЕКЦИЯ, ВЫЗВАННАЯ ВИРУСОМ ПАПИЛЛОМЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И РАК ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ (ОБЗОР)
Ключевые слова:
: Вирус папилломы человека, рак шейки матки, скрининг, дисплазияАннотация
Вирусные инфекции являются причиной 15–20% всех случаев рака у человека. Заражение онкогенными вирусами может способствовать различным стадиям канцерогенеза. Несмотря на эффективные методы скрининга, рак шейки матки продолжает оставаться серьезной проблемой общественного здравоохранения. Существуют большие различия в заболеваемости и смертности от рака шейки матки по географическим регионам. Повозрастная распространенность ВПЧ широко варьирует в разных группах населения и показала два пика положительности ВПЧ у молодых и пожилых женщин. Во всем мире было проведено множество исследований эпидемиологии инфекции ВПЧ и онкогенных свойств, обусловленных различными генотипами ВПЧ. Тем не менее, есть еще много стран, где распространенность среди населения еще не определена. Более того, стратегии скрининга на рак шейки матки различаются в разных странах. Организованные программы скрининга шейки матки потенциально более эффективны, чем программы оппортунистического скрининга.
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