ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF BIRTH TRAUMA IN NORMAL BIRTH

Abstract

The article presents an analysis of the structure of birth trauma in women. The study included women who had given birth again with a history of birth trauma (1.5–2 years ago) in the maternity complex of the Multidisciplinary Clinic of Samara State Medical University in 2023–2024 (n=105). When studying the patient’s medical history, including previous and chronic extragenital diseases, special attention was paid to diseases with symptoms of increased intra-abdominal pressure (cough, constipation), as well as manifestations of connective tissue insufficiency (varicose veins, hernias of internal organs, joint protrusions, myopia, mitral valve prolapse, etc.). The arithmetic means values ​​(M) and standard deviations (SD), as well as 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. When comparing mean values ​​in a normally distributed quantitative data set, Student’s t-test was calculated. It has been established that all women in labor most often have ruptures of the vaginal walls and labia minora. At the same time, primiparous women are more susceptible to ruptures of the cervix of the 1st and 2nd degree, perineal ruptures and severe forms of birth trauma, such as ruptures of the cervix of the 3rd degree and ruptures of the perineum of the 3rd degree, which exclude the possibility of natural childbirth in the future. In addition, primiparous women more often experience complications of the postpartum period in the form of divergence of noninfected perineal sutures. The data obtained emphasize the need for special attention to the prevention and management of labor in primiparous women in order to reduce the risk of birth trauma.