PECULIARITIES OF CYTOKINE STATUS IN EARLY CHILDREN WITH NON-SOCIAL PNEUMONIA LIVING IN ECOLOGICAL REGIONS

Abstract

The ecology and health of the population of the Aral Sea region is an urgent problem not only for Uzbekistan, but also for the entire world community. The unfavorable environmental situation has placed a heavy burden on the entire population of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, but children are especially affected, since the children's body, due to the functional immaturity of tissues and adaptation and protection systems, is especially sensitive to the influence of environmental factors. Environmental changes in the Aral Sea region affect the health of the younger generation in many ways; this is an increased incidence of respiratory diseases, among which acute respiratory infections, bronchitis and pneumonia take the first place.

 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is the most common cause of death in children in the world, in particular, it accounts for 17.5% of the mortality rate in children under 5 years of age, annually killing approximately 1.1 million children in this age group (WHO, 2016).

The prevalence of pneumonia among children and adolescents in the Republic of Uzbekistan ranges from 17.7% to 19.5%. Studies have shown that the examined children with community-acquired pneumonia show pronounced changes in intercellular immune mechanisms, which are manifested by impaired production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which depends on environmentally unfavorable living conditions. To study the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children living in different ecological regions (using the example of Khorezm and Tashkent). 55 children with acute community-acquired pneumonia aged from 1 year to 3 years living in different regional conditions, of which 35 sick children (main group), permanently residing in the Aral Sea region (in the Khorezm region) and 20 children with community-acquired pneumonia (comparison group), living in Tashkent. The control groups consisted of 20 practically healthy children permanently residing in the Aral Sea region (in the Khorezm region) and 20 children with community-acquired pneumonia living in Tashkent. The average age of children in the main group was 1.95±0.14 years, while the average age in the comparison group was 2.19±0.21 years. The frequency of occurrence of boys in the main group was 40%, and girls - 60%; in the comparison group, boys and girls were observed in 50% of cases, respectively.

Verification of the diagnosis was carried out according to the classification of the main clinical forms of bronchopulmonary diseases in children, approved at a special meeting of the XVIII National Congress on Respiratory Diseases (2009). In 100% of cases, the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was verified by chest radiography