THE EFFECT OF GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISM ON DIVERSE ASPECTS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OBESITY

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are interconnected global health challenges, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. T2D independently increases the risk of severe CVDs, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and chronic heart failure, with CVDs accounting for nearly 31% of global deaths annually. In patients with T2D, CVDs remain the leading cause of mortality, exemplified by chronic heart failure causing 24.2% of deaths in Russia. Pathophysiological links involve hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders, which promote myocardial stiffness, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Concurrent metabolic comorbidities further amplify cardiovascular risks. Recent therapeutic advances highlight the role of glucose-lowering agents with cardiovascular benefits, such as SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide, semaglutide). Semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 agonist approved in Uzbekistan since 2020, demonstrates efficacy in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk reduction when combined with lifestyle modifications. These therapies represent a dual approach targeting both metabolic and cardiovascular health, emphasizing the need for integrated strategies to mitigate complications in high-risk T2D populations.