TO’R PARDA DIABETIK NEYRODEGENERATSIYASI
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Diabetik retinopatiya, neyrodegeneratsiya, qandli diabet, epidemiologiya, xavf omillari##article.abstract##
Diabetik retinopatiya (DR) mehnatga layoqatli yoshdagi odamlarda ko'rlik va zaif ko'rishning asosiy sababi sifatida tan olingan. Kasallikning diagnostikasi va tasnifi, birinchi navbatda, retinada qon tomir o'zgarishlarini aniqlash va aniqlashga asoslangan: qon ketishlar, mikroanevrizmalar, qon tomir bo'lmagan zonalar va yangi hosil bo'lgan tomirlar. Biroq, so'nggi o'n yillikda ko'plab tadqiqotlar va ma'lumotlar to'r pardasi neyrodejeneratsiyasi qon tomir kasalliklariga qaraganda erta bosqichlarda sodir bo'lishini ko'rsatadi. Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, neyronlarning shikastlanishi kasallikning rivojlanishida asosiy rol o'ynashi va o'z-o'zidan terapevtik maqsad sifatida qaralishi mumkin. Ushbu sharh diabetik to’r parda neyrodegeneratsiyani tushunish uchun mavjud dalillarni va uning potentsial klinik oqibatlarini ko'rib chiqadi.
To'plangan tadqiqot dalillari shuni ko'rsatadiki, qandli diabet (QD) bilan og'rigan bemorlarda diabetik retinopatiya belgilari paydo bo'lishidan oldin ham asta-sekin ko'zning to'r pardasi yupqalashishi va ko'rishning buzilishi kuzatiladi. Shu bilan birga, to’r parda tomirlarni vizualizatsiya qilishning zamonaviy usullari qon tomirlarini qayta qurish belgilarini va hatto dastlabki bosqichlarda ham xoroiddagi o'zgarishlarni ko'rsatadi. Eksperimental diabetga chalingan hayvonlarning to'qimalarining gistologik tadqiqotlari va in vitro tajribalari diabetning to’r parda asab va glial hujayralarga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ta'sir qilishi mumkinligini tasdiqlaydi, bu to’r parda neyrodejeneratsiya kasallikning boshida boshlanadi degan gipotezani qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va kasallikning mumkin bo'lgan mexanizmlari va davolash uchun potentsial maqsadlarni ta'kidlaydi.
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