AL-BIRUNI’S APPROACH IN COMPARATIVE RELIGIOUS STUDIES

Abstract

This article explores Abu Rayhan al-Biruni’s unique methodology in comparative religious studies. Al-Biruni, an eminent scholar of the 11th century, approached comparative theology with rigorous empirical analysis and deep intellectual curiosity, particularly engaging with Hinduism and Islam. His method emphasized direct observation, critical analysis, and cultural empathy, transcending traditional dogmatic boundaries and biases prevalent during his era. The study highlights how Al-Biruni's systematic analytical techniques and historical contextualization anticipated modern methodologies in comparative theology and religious studies. His works continue to provide significant insights for fostering interfaith dialogue, cultural understanding, and intellectual humility in contemporary religious scholarship.