ISHEMIK INSULTDA YENGIL ZANJIRLI NEYROFILAMENT: VAQT DINAMIKASI, KASALLIK OG‘IRLIGI VA PROGNOZ BILAN BOG‘LIQLIGI (ADABIYOTLAR SHARHI)
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ishemik insult, yengil zanjirli neyrofilament, NfL, sNfL, pNfL, neyroaksonal shikastlanish, biomarker, insult og‘irligi, funksional natija, prognoz##article.abstract##
Ishemik insult o‘lim va doimiy nogironlikning asosiy sabablaridan biri bo‘lib, bosh miya shikastlanish darajasi va kasallik prognozini baholash uchun obyektiv biomarkerlarni izlash zaruratini belgilaydi. Yengil zanjirli neyrofilament (NfL) aksonal sitoskeletning strukturaviy oqsili bo‘lib, neyroaksonal shikastlanishda uning qondagi konsentratsiyasi oshadi. Qonda NfL ni aniqlashning yuqori sezgir usullarining rivojlanishi ishemik insultda ushbu biomarkerni o‘rganish imkoniyatlarini kengaytirdi. Mazkur sharhning maqsadi NfL ning vaqt dinamikasi, ishemik insult og‘irligi, infarkt hajmi va funksional natijalar bilan bog‘liqligi haqidagi zamonaviy ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish va tizimlashtirishdan iborat. 2020–2026-yillarda, asosan, nashr etilgan original tadqiqotlar, tizimli sharhlar va meta-tahlillar tahlil qilindi; adabiyot qidiruvi PubMed, Scopus va Web of Science ma’lumotlar bazalarida amalga oshirildi. Tahlil qilingan tadqiqotlarga ko‘ra, ishemik insultdan so‘ng NfL konsentratsiyasi oshadi va nevrologik defitsitning og‘irligi bilan bog‘liq. Bir qator tadqiqotlarda NfL darajasi infarkt hajmi va noqulay funksional natijalar bilan ham bog‘liqligi aniqlangan. Shu bilan birga, biomarkerning klinik informativligi uni aniqlash vaqtiga sezilarli darajada bog‘liq. 2026-yilda e’lon qilingan eng yirik individual ishtirokchilar ma’lumotlari meta-tahliliga ko‘ra, NfL konsentratsiyasi insultdan keyingi birinchi hafta davomida bosqichma-bosqich oshib, taxminan 6–7-kunlarda eng yuqori ko‘rsatkichlarga yetgan. NfL ning yuqori darajalari, ayniqsa, o‘tkir osti davrida, noqulay funksional natija va o‘lim xavfining ortishi bilan bog‘liq. NfL ishemik insultda neyroaksonal shikastlanishning istiqbolli biomarkeri sifatida qaralishi mumkin, biroq uni klinik amaliyotga joriy etish uchun o‘lchash vaqtlarini standartlashtirish va uning prognostik qiymatini istiqbolli tadqiqotlarda yanada baholash zarur.
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