PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION AS THE FOUNDATION OF HUMAN SPIRITUALITY
Keywords:
Medieval Arab-Muslim philosophy, Al-Farabi, Peripatetics (mashshā’ūn), necessary existence, possible existence, First essence, happiness, human essence, intellect, soul, theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge, theosophy, comparative philosophyAbstract
Medieval Arab-Muslim philosophy addressed numerous issues: humanity’s place in the cosmos, spiritual and material well-being, purpose, happiness, just leadership, ethics, governance, wisdom, existence, knowledge, intellect, the soul, causality, necessity, dignity, eternity, and truth. This article offers a comparative analysis of medieval Eastern and ancient Western philosophers, arguing that philosophy and religion are complementary rather than exclusive. Drawing on theosophy, it explains being, life, and the essence of man as interconnected. Truth, the article notes, is attained through evidence and the synthesis of opposing views. In Al-Farabi’s epistemology, knowledge divides into theoretical and practical parts. As the “Second Teacher” emphasized, people define happiness differently yet universally strive for it-and seek to improve society by promoting others’ happiness.
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Fors tilida:
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١٣٢٥ .ﻩ رشيدىﺨﻮ . تهران ﭽﺎپ ﺪ١ﻨﺸﮓﺎﻩ .لغت نامه .دهخدا
