IBN AL-ARABIʼS PANTHEISTIC VIEWS IN THE DOCTRINE OF WAHDAT AL-WUJUD AND CLASSICAL PANTHEISM

Abstract

During the Umayyad Caliphate, Sufism was not only a philosophical and religious doctrine but also became a social movement aimed at combating materialism and worldly distractions, which diverted people from spiritual values and the afterlife. Emerging in the early Islamic period, Sufism brought a new spiritual strength and inspiration to Islam. History demonstrates the significant influence of philosophical, religious, and mystical teachings developed by Sufi scholars and mystics on the intellectual and spiritual world of Muslims throughout various historical epochs. One such scholar is Ibn al-Arabi, who played an unprecedented role in shaping the socio-philosophical thought of the peoples of Central Asia with his theory of wahdat al-wujud (the unity of God and existence). Moreover, the fundamental ideas of this teaching continue to protect individuals in the modern globalized world, marked by socio-political crises, from inner suffering and moral crises, elevating their spirit.