FEATURES OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PERINATAL LESIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Keywords:
bronchial asthma, perinatal lesion, central nervous system, asphyxia, body mass index, physical development, children, calculated indicesAbstract
Objective: To study the impact of the long-term effects of perinatal CNS lesions on the physical development of children suffering from bronchial asthma.
Materials and Methods: In the first stage, the study focused on the anamnestic and clinical-functional characteristics of bronchial asthma in children with long-term effects of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. The analytical part of the study includes the results of a comprehensive examination of 103 children aged 5 to 7 years diagnosed with bronchial asthma. The main group consisted of 72 children (51 boys and 21 girls) with bronchial asthma and signs of remote CNS damage, while 31 children (19 boys and 12 girls) with bronchial asthma without neurological symptoms were included in the comparison group. Along with the collection of anamnestic data and clinical examination, an analysis was conducted on the influence of perinatal CNS damage on the physical development of children with bronchial asthma. For assessing physical development, a combination of Rohrer, Pinneau, Brugsch, and Vervek indices, as well as body mass index (BMI), was used.
Results: An analysis of the condition of newborns after birth revealed that 93.5% of children in the comparison group received an Apgar score of 8-10 in the first minute after birth, while in the main group, all children were born in a state of asphyxia. It was found that the age between 3 months and 6 months is particularly vulnerable for the continuation of exclusive breastfeeding and the transition to artificial feeding, which is one of the triggering mechanisms for the realization of predisposition to allergic diseases. In assessing the BMI of children with bronchial asthma against the background of the long-term effects of perinatal CNS lesions, nearly one-third of patients (37.5%) were found to have mild or moderate nutritional disorders, with parameters ranging from -3SD to (-1SD). The comparison of the obtained anthropometric characteristics based on calculated indices showed a significant predominance of disharmonious physical development in children in the main group compared to those in the comparison group.
Conclusions: An analysis of the condition of newborns after birth established that the majority of children in the main group were born in mild (52.8%), moderate (27.8%), and severe (19.4%) asphyxia, while only 6.5% of children in the comparison group were born with mild asphyxia, and the remaining 93.5% were born with an Apgar score of 8-10. Furthermore, children with bronchial asthma, against the background of the long-term effects of perinatal CNS lesions, most commonly exhibited mild to moderate nutritional disorders with disharmonious physical development, while every third child in the comparison group was characterized by excess weight.
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