STAGE-BY-STAGE DIAGNOSIS OF EXUDATIVE OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN BASED ON TRANSFERRIN AND CERULOPLASMIN LEVELS IN ORAL FLUID
Keywords:
exudative otitis media, children, oral fluid, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, sIgA, oxidative stress, non-invasive diagnosis, mucosal immunityAbstract
This study examined the diagnostic significance of transferrin and ceruloplasmin levels in oral fluid (OF) for diagnosing the secretory stage of exudative otitis media (EOM) in children aged 1–5 years. The study included 77 children with EMA and chronic adenoiditis (main group), 60 children without EMA and without adenoid hypertrophy (comparison group), and 35 healthy children (control group). It was found that in the main group, the level of transferrin in the middle ear fluid was 4 times higher than normal (12.4 ± 1.1 mg/L), and the level of ceruloplasmin was also 4 times higher (4.8 ± 0.5 mg/L). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.74; p < 0.01) was identified between transferrin levels and exudate viscosity. When transferrin levels >12 mg/L are combined with sIgA <0.12 g/L, the risk of developing “sticky ear” increases 4.5-fold. These data allow for the implementation of a non-invasive diagnostic algorithm based on oral fluid biomarkers in clinical practice.
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