DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS OF UZBEK KHANATES WITH IRAN, AFGHANISTAN, TURKEY, AND INDIA: ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL OBJECTIVES
Keywords:
Indian ambassadors, Hatti-i Humayun, D. Rukavkin, the great ambassador, Shajara-i Turk, “Khanzada”, “Kushbegi”, “Kazi-Kallon”, “Shaykh-ul-Islamzada”, “Sefir-i Khan”, “Noma-yi olam-aroyi Nodiri”Abstract
This article examines the diplomatic relations of Uzbek Khanates with Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, and India, as well as the economic and political objectives behind these relations. Analyzing the historical stages on the path to building a democratic society is one of the main tasks. Understanding the history of society and statehood contributes to an objective assessment of historical experience and is a key factor in the path to building an independent state. In the modern world, rethinking the historical path traversed is one of the most important aspects of scientific research. A thorough and comprehensive study of history from the late Middle Ages to our time (XVIII-XIX centuries) allows us to once again be convinced of the high level of culture of our ancestors. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that not so many fundamental works on this topic are dedicated in historiography.
Uzbekistan, as the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations in the world, has enormous significance in the political, economic, and cultural life of the peoples of Central Asia.
The rich past of Uzbekistan, numerous historical monuments, material and spiritual culture have always attracted the attention of orientalists. Especially important are the diplomatic relations of the khanates with Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, and India, which pursued economic and political goals.
References
Машарипов Қ.Ю. Хоразмнинг Ўрта Шарқ ва Европа давлатлари савдо-сотиқ марказлари билан тарихий алоқалари (X-XV асрлар). Тарих фанлари номзоди... Дисс. – Нукус, 2004. – Б.15-16 (Masharipov K.Yu. Historical relations of Khorezm with the trade centers of the Middle East and European countries (X-XV centuries). Candidate of Historical Sciences... Dissertation. – Nukus, 2004. – P.15-16).
Валиева Д. Среднеазиатско-иранские отношения в I половине XIX века. Взаимоотношения народов Средней Азии и сопредальных стран Востока. – Ташкент.; 1963. – C.52-53-54-55 (Valieva D. Central Asian-Iranian relations in the first half of the 19th century. Relations between the peoples of Central Asia and neighboring countries of the East. – Tashkent.; 1963. – P.52-53-54-55).
Залесов Н. Посольство в Хиву капитана Никифорова в 1841 г.» («Военный сборник», 1861, № 11 (Zalesov N. Embassy to Khiva of Captain Nikiforov in 1841" ("Military Collection", 1861, No. 11)
Абулғозий Баҳодирхон. Шажараи турк. Нашрга тайёрловчилар: Қ. Муниров, Қ. Маҳмудов. – Тошкент; 1992. – Б.128 (Abulghazi Bahadirkhan. Shajarai is Turkish. Preparers for publication: Q. Munirov, Q. Mahmudov. - Tashkent; 1992. – Р.128).
Бекович-Черкасский элчилигига оид материаллар 1871 йилда Петербургда нашр этилиб, Г. Мейендорф қандай адабиётдан фойдаланганлигини кўрсатмайди. Дело 1714 – 1718 гг. об отправлении лейт.-гвардии Преобрзженского полка капитана-поручика князя Александра Бековича-Черкасского на Каспийское море и в Хиву. (Документи). Материали Военноучетного архива Главного штаба, т. I, – СПб, 1871, – С. 197-506 (Materials related to the Bekovich-Cherkassky embassy were published in Petersburg in 1871, G. Meyendorff does not indicate what literature he used. The case of 1714-1718 on the dispatch of the lieutenant-guard Preobrazhensky regiment captain-lieutenant Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky to the Caspian Sea and Khiva. (Documents). Materials of the Military Registration Archive of the General Staff, Vol. I, – St. Petersburg, 1871, – P. 197-506).
Ходжаева Б. С. Сборник документов по истории Средней Азии XVI – XIX вв. Общественные науки в Узбекистане. 1993. № 6 – C.26,27-28-29 (Khodjaeva B. S. Collection of documents on the history of Central Asia in the 16th – 19th centuries. Social Sciences in Uzbekistan. 1993. No. 6 – P. 26,27-28-29).
Джаббаров И. М. Ремесло узбеков Южного Хорезма в конце XIX – начале XX в. Среднеазиатский этнографический сборник (Заметия и бут народов Средней Азии) – Т.: 1971. – C.78-79 (Jabbarov I. M. Crafts of the Uzbeks of Southern Khorezm in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Central Asian Ethnographic Collection (Notes and Notes of the Peoples of Central Asia) – T.: 1971. – P. 78-79).
Василев А. Внамя и меч от Падишаха. – Москва; 2014. – C.84-172-173 (Vasilev A. Vname and Sword from the Padishah. – Moscow; 2014. – P. 84-172-173).
M.Akif Erdogru. The Khoqandi Envoys in Ottoman Istanbul // CAT № 52/1,2008. – p.l-3.
Золотая Орда в источниках. Арабские иперсидские источники Сост. Храпачевский Р. П. Пер. Тизенгаузена В. Г.М., 2003. – Т. I. – С. 146; Иброҳимов Н. Ибн Баттута ва унинг Ўрта Осиёга саёҳати. – Тошкент, 1993. – Б.59-58 (The Golden Horde in sources. Arabic Persian sources Comp. Khrapachevsky R. P. Trans. Tiesenhausen V. G. M., 2003. – T. I. – P. 146; Ibrahimov N. Ibn Battuta and his journey to Central Asia. - Tashkent, 1993. - P.59-58).
Например, см. boa, hr sys, 5-7. Османский рапорт на французском языке о политике России а Туркестане, Бухаре. Коканде, Кульдже. В чтих же делах содержатся протоколы опроса некоторых российских мусульман, прибывших в Стамбул, а также выдержки из «Путешествия по Туркестану» секретаря американского посольства в России Юджина Скайлсра и вырезки из газеты «Новое время» о политике России в Средней Азии (For example, see boa, hr sys, 5-7. Ottoman report in French on Russian policy in Turkestan, Bukhara, Kokand, Ghulja. These files also contain protocols of the survey of some Russian Muslims who arrived in Istanbul, as well as excerpts from the "Travel in Turkestan" by the secretary of the American embassy in Russia, Eugene Skyles, and clippings from the newspaper "New Time" on Russian policy in Central Asia).
Osmanli devicti ile Ка Tasya, Turklslan vc Kirim hanliklan arasindaki munascbcllere dair arjiv belgelcri. N 21. – С.102–103.
История Узбекистана. – Ташкент, 1993. Т. III – С.268-269 (History of Uzbekistan. – Tashkent, 1993. Vol. III – P.268-269).
Abduganievich, A. B. (2022). REVIEW OF KHIVA KHANATE'S FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBORING STATES IN ABULGAZI'S WORKS. Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 10(7), 83-86.
Abduganievich, B. A., & Dilshod, M. (2020). SPECIAL INFORMATION ABOUT FOREIGN TRADE AND DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN THE 18TH CENTURY. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences Vol, 8(1).
