THE CONDITION OF LAND AND WATER RELATIONS IN THE SIRDARYA REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES
Keywords:
agriculture, land tenure, property, amlyak, muli khalis, wakuf lands, irrigated agriculture, irrigation systems, river, irrigation ditch, irrigation, key, stream, rainfed landAbstract
This article analyzes the features of land-water relations in the agrarian policy of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries in the Turkestan region, in particular, in the Syr Darya region. This explains the influence of the policy of the imperial government on the creation of the province, changes in land ownership rights and property relations after the establishment of colonial domination in the country, including the declaration of all lands as state property and the adaptation of these relations to imperial interests. The article provides information on the traditions of agricultural land use in the Syr Darya region, the area and categories of irrigated and non-irrigated lands. The article also discusses the provincial irrigation system, its main source of water - the Syr Darya and adjacent streams, such as Chirchik, Angren, Keles, Aris, as well as several large irrigation networks, the status and types of water structures, as well as how local water users use water for irrigated agriculture. Based on an analysis of sources, archival documents, statistical materials and scientific literature for the period under consideration, the article describes the state of land-water relations, which form the basis of the economic life of the Syrdarya region.
References
Абдурахимова Н.А., Рустамова Г. Колониальная система власти в Туркестане во второй половние XIX – I четверти ХХ в.в. –Т.: Университет. 1999. –С. 19. (Abdurahimova N.A., Rustamova G. The colonial system of power in Turkestan in the second half of the XIX – I quarter of the XX century –T .: University. 1999. –P. 19.)
Абдурахимова Н.А., Эргашев Ф.Р. Туркистонда чор мустамлака тизими. –Т.: Академия, 2002. –Б. 41-43. (Abdurakhimova N.A., Ergashev F.R. The Tsarist colonial system in Turkestan. –T .: Academy, 2002. –P. 41-43.)
Александров Н.Н. Земледелие в Сыр-Дарьинской области. –Т.: Часть 1-2, 1916. –С. 1,2,3,12,13,211. (Alexandrov N.N. Agriculture in the Syr-Darya region. –T .: Part 1-2, 1916. –P. 1,2,3,12,13,211.)
Дингельштедтъ Н. Опытъ изучения ирригации Туркестанскаго края. Сыръ-Дарьинская область. Часть I-II. –С-Пб.: 1893.-С. 513. (Dingelstedt N. Experience in studying the irrigation of the Turkestan Territory. Syr-Darya region. Part I-II. –S-Pb .: 1893. –P. 513.)
Зиёев Ҳ. Тарих - ўтмиш ва келажак кўзгуси. –Т.: Адабиёт ва санъат, 2000. –Б. 122-125. (Ziyoev H. History is a mirror of the past and the future. –T.: Literature and Art, 2000. – P. 122-125.)
Ziyoyev H. O‘zbekiston mustamlaka va zulm iskanjasida (XIX asr ikkinchi yarmi – XX asr boshlari). –T.: Sharq, 2006. –B. 52-54. (Ziyayev H. Uzbekistan is in colonialism and oppression (the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century). –T .: East, 2006. –P. 352.)
Кастельская З.Д. Из истории Туркестанского края (1865–1917). –Москва.: Наука, 1980. –С. 41. (Kastelskaya Z.D. From the History of Turkestan (1865–1917). –Moscow: Nauka, 1980. –P. 41.)
Қодиров А. Ўзбекистон ирригация тарихидан лавҳалар (XIX аср ўрталаридан 1920 йилгача). –Т. А.Қодирий номидаги халқ мероси нашриёти, 1998. –Б. 140. (Kadyrov A. Scenes from the history of irrigation in Uzbekistan (from the middle of the XIX century until the 1920s). –T. Publishing house of national heritage named after A.Kadiriy, 1998. – P. 140.)
Материалы для статистики Туркестанскаго края. Ежегодник. Выпуск IV. –С-Пб.: 1876. –С. 261. (Под. ред. Н.А.Маева). (Materials for statistics of Turkestan region. Yearbook. Issue IV. –SPb .: 1876. –P. 261. (Under the editorship of N.A. Maev))
Ремез И.А. Внешняя торговля Бухары до мировой войны. -Т.; ЦСУ Туркреспублики, 1922. – С.11. (Remez I.A. Foreign trade of Bukhara before the World War. -T .; TsSU Turkrepublics, 1922. – P . 11.)
Савицкий А.П. Поземленый вопрос в Туркестане (в проектах и законе 1867-1886 гг.) –Т. 1963. –С. 14. (Savitsky A.P. The grounded issue in Turkestan (in projects and law of 1867-1886 yy.). –T. 1963. –P. 14.)
Сарыбаев К.С. История орошения Каракалпакстана (с конца XIX века до наших дней). –Нукус. Каракалпакстан, 1995. –С. 81-82. (Sarybaev K.S. The history of irrigation in Karakalpakstan (from the end of the XIX century to the present day). –Nukus. Karakalpakstan, 1995. –P. 81-82.)
Социально-экономическое и политическое положение Узбекистана накануне Октября. –Т.: Фан, 1973. –С. 14,20. (Socio-economic and political situation of Uzbekistan on the eve of October. –T .: Fan, 1973. –P. 14, 20.)
Суюнова А. Туркистонда 1916 йилги миллий озодлик кураши (Сирдарё вилояти мисолида). т.ф.н. дисс.... –Т.: 1997. –Б. 6. (Suyunova A. The national liberation struggle of 1916 in Turkestan (Syrdarya region). Dissertation of candidate of historical science. –T.: 1997. –P. 6.)
ЎзМА Ф-126, рўйхат -1, иш- 115, 2 – варақ. (NAU F-126, list -1, work- 115, page 2.)
Шахназаров А.И. Сельское хозяйство в Туркестанском крае. –СПб.: 1908. –С. 64,87. (Shakhnazarov A.I. Agriculture in the Turkestan region. –SPb .: 1908, – P. 64, 87.)
Юлдашев А.М. Аграрные отношения в Туркестана (конец XIX – начало ХХ вв.). –Т.: Узбекистан, 1969. -С. 36-37. (Yuldashev A.M. Agricultural relations in Turkestan (late XIX - early XX centuries). –T .: Uzbekistan, 1969. –P. 36-37.)
Юнусходжаева М.Ю. Из истории землевладения в до революционном Туркестане. -Т. 1970. –С. 20, 37-38. (Yunuskhodzhaeva M.Yu. From the history of land ownership in pre-revolutionary Turkestan. -T. 1970. –P. 20, 37-38.)
Юферов В.И. Сельскохозяйственный обзор Туркестанского края. –Т.: 1911. –С. 76. (Yuferov V.I. Agricultural review of the Turkestan region. –T .: 1911. –P. 76.)
