CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES AND CONCLUSIONS IN THE STUDY OF SOVIET TOTALITARIANISM AND HUMANITARIAN CATASTROPHE IN THE 30S. XX CENTURY IN KAZAKHSTAN
Keywords:
Kazkraykom of the CPSU (b), Soviet totalitarianism, kulaks, bai, collectivization, grain procurement, meat procurement, troika, PR Joint State Political Directorate. The article was prepared as part of the implementation of the scientific project OR11465470 “Mass political repressions in Kazakhstan in the 20-50s. 20th century and rehabilitation processes: creation of a single database” with the financial support of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of KazakhstanAbstract
The authors of the article, on the basis of theoretical and methodological approaches, consider the issues of state building in the period of Soviet totalitarianism. When the state as the main, managing structure did not have independence, that is, sovereignty, and the Communist Party, by virtue of its monopoly position, towered over society and the state. Moreover, the party has managed to turn the state into an executor of its will. The guiding directives of the party and even the oral instructions of the party committees, in terms of their imperativeness, stood above the requirements of laws and by-laws. This situation gave rise to terror, violence and fear in the Kazakh society.
The conclusions drawn on the basis of the analysis of archival documents of the 30s. 20th century prove that the repressions against the peasantry and the bais against the backdrop of the pace and scale of collectivization led Kazakhstan to two humanitarian catastrophes: massive political repressions against innocent people and the famine, which claimed the lives of more than one million people, which caused the mass migration of Kazakhs from their historical places of residence.
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