IDEAS OF RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN ISLAM AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS OTHER RELIGIONS

Abstract

This article examines the issue of respecting and protecting the rights and freedoms of people of other faiths within Islamic law. It highlights Islam as a religion of peace, justice, and tolerance, emphasizing Qur’anic verses that promote harmony, solidarity, and interfaith cooperation. The paper analyzes the classification of non-Muslims in Islamic jurisprudence (Muslims, combatants, musta’mins, and dhimmis), their rights and obligations, and the privileges granted to dhimmis, such as freedom of worship and protection of property. Furthermore, it explores the parallels between Islamic legal principles and international human rights instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other conventions guaranteeing freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Special attention is given to the constitutional guarantees of religious freedom in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study concludes that Islamic law not only safeguarded the rights of non-Muslims in historical practice but also aligns with modern international standards of human rights and religious freedom.