РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ТРАНСНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СУБСИДИЙ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ПРЕФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ ТОРГОВЫХ СОГЛАШЕНИЙ
Ключевые слова:
международное торговое право, ВТО, субсидии, транснациональные субсидии, Соглашение по субсидиям и компенсационным мерам, преференциальные торговые соглашения, государственные предприятия, некоммерческая помощьАннотация
Транснациональное субсидирование приобретает особую правовую сложность, когда государственная поддержка охватывает несколько юрисдикций, а источник поддержки, её получатель или поддерживаемая деятельность и соответствующий рынок находятся в разных государствах. В статье исследуется, могут ли преференциальные торговые соглашения предложить механизмы регулирования таких отношений. На основе доктринального и сравнительно-правового методов анализируются три соглашения и их правила о некоммерческой помощи, государственных предприятиях, последствиях на рынках третьих стран и прозрачности. Результаты показывают, что эти механизмы способны снизить правовую неопределённость, связанную с территориальностью и атрибуцией в праве Всемирной торговой организации о субсидиях, однако их договорный и географически ограниченный характер способствует регуляторной фрагментации и препятствует формированию всеобъемлющего решения.
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