DEVELOPMENT OF A PERSONALIZED TREATMENT ALGORITHM FOR HEMIFACIAL SPASM BASED ON CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CRITERIA (A LITERATURE REVIEW)
Keywords:
hemifacial spasm, botulinum toxin, personalized treatment, clinical and functional criteria, injection technique, prognosis, quality of life, EMG, LSAbstract
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a cranial movement disorder characterized by unilateral, involuntary contractions of the mimic muscles innervated by the facial nerve, and it markedly reduces patients' quality of life. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is currently the first-line option for the symptomatic treatment of HFS, providing substantial relief in 85–95% of patients. However, treatment efficacy, duration of effect, and adverse events vary from one patient to another, and no single standardized protocol exists. The aim of this review is to analyze the clinical and functional criteria that influence the efficacy of BoNT-A treatment in HFS and to summarize the scientific basis for a personalized treatment approach. The analysis shows that individualizing treatment according to a patient's clinical and functional characteristics may improve efficacy and reduce adverse events and costs; developing an evidence-based treatment algorithm in this direction remains an important task.
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