NEOLITHIC PERIODS SITE TODA-1

Abstract

The Surkhan-Darya area, in particular Bajsunsky mountains don’t cease to surprise with new opening on the Stone Age. Here all stages of development of cultures of the Stone Age, since an epoch of an average paleolith are presented. Caves concern an average paleolith: Teshik-tash, Amir-Temur, a Katta-kurgan; by a late paleolith: Тeshiktash-2 and Karangi-dara and to mesolit a cave of Machaj and to neolith time a grotto of Kajnar-Kamar and new site - a cave of Toda-1.

The cave of Toda-1 has been opened in 2016 forces of employees of the Uzbeksko-Chinese expedition J. Xinand U.V.Rakhmanov. The monument is located at height of 1100 m over level the sea, in 16 km to the West from Bajsun mountains. The cave is combined from calcareous breed, on southern branches of Bajsun’s mountains. Input of a cave in width of 5 m and height 3 m, is turned strictly on the east and reminds an asymmetric triangle. Depth of a cave of 15 m, and width in places reach to 7 m. In a season of 2018 have been continued excavationТ-1, 2, 3, by the sizes 2х3 m and depth is finished to 4,85 m from zero points.

Analyses on radiocarbon (C14), 200 sm of a distance received from depth more ancient dates: 5800±30 years from our days, and the calibrated dates: 6670-6503 years from our days. For the bottom layers these indicators much more rejuvenate. Similar deduce are supported also with safety a part of archaeological materials, i.e., the stone industry, manufactured from not siliceous breeds have the corroded surfaces and sometimes reach to badly read a condition. It can be explained to that the central part of a cave fallen off during a prehistoric epoch, has formed big to an aperture, whence water periodically got to a cave. But it is visible, because of the big stone at entrance parts of a cave materials cultural  layers have not rolled down downwards and were transported inside cave space. 

Concerning a cultural binding of materials of a cave of Toda-1 in the Central Asian neolith for today it is possible to establish the fact that close analogies are considered among stone products of a cave of Kajnar-Kamar located approximately in 70 km to the northeast in Bajsunsky area. Similar microindustry, such as in a cave of Toda-1 meet not only in Kajnar-Kamare, but also in monuments of Sazagan culture.