COGNITIVE PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY FORMATION IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK (A Case Study of Medical Terms)
Keywords:
cognitive terminology, medical terminology, term formation, metaphor, categorization, English language, Uzbek language, comparative linguisticsAbstract
This article presents a comparative analysis of the principles of medical terminology formation in English and Uzbek from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The aim of the study is to identify the cognitive processes underlying the formation of medical terms, including categorization, metaphor, metonymy, and frame-based knowledge structures, as well as to examine their manifestation in the two languages. The article analyzes the main methods of medical term formation, including Greek-Latin affixation, loan translation (calque), borrowing, and metaphorical nomination, highlighting their similarities and differences. The research is based on comparative-typological, content, and component analysis methods. The findings indicate that medical terminology in English is predominantly formed on the basis of Greek and Latin roots, whereas in Uzbek it is mainly adapted through borrowing, calquing, and the use of native linguistic resources. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that cognitive metaphors related to the human body, diseases, and medical treatment play a significant role in both languages.
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