ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ УГОЛОВНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА УЗБЕКИСТАНА: НОВАЯ ПАРАДИГМА ГУМАНИЗМА, РЕИНТЕГРАЦИИ И ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ПЕНИТЕНЦИАРНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
Ключевые слова:
уголовно-правовое регулирование, пенитенциарная политика, пробация, альтернативные санкции, ограничение свободы, исправительно-трудовой труд, реинтеграция, рецидивизм, электронный мониторинг, гуманизм, правоАннотация
В данной статье анализируется трансформация уголовного законодательства в Республике Узбекистан на основе современных научных подходов. В исследовании рассматриваются законодательные реформы, реализованные в период 2018–2026 годов, в частности, совершенствование системы условно-досрочного освобождения, расширение альтернативных форм наказания, усиление правовых гарантий для осужденных и нововведения, направленные на гуманизацию уголовных санкций. В статье представлен сравнительный анализ опыта развитых стран и рассмотрены проблемы, возникающие при применении исправительно-трудового труда и ограничении свободы, а также эффективности механизмов реинтеграции. На основе результатов исследования выдвинуты научно обоснованные предложения и рекомендации по совершенствованию политики уголовного преследования, повышению эффективности альтернативных санкций и развитию инновационного управления пенитенциарной системой.
Библиографические ссылки
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. RP-4006 of 7 November 2018 “On Measures for the Fundamental Improvement of Penal Enforcement Legislation”, Annex 3: “Concept for Improving the Penal Enforcement Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019–2021”, Sections I–IV // lex.uz. URL: https://lex.uz/uz/docs/-4045443
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. LRU-948 “On introducing amendments and additions to the Criminal Executive Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, aimed at ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of convicts”. URL: https://lex.uz/docs/7095866.
Article 6 of the Penal Enforcement Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as amended by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. LRU-948 of 28 August 2024 // lex.uz, https://lex.uz/docs/-163629
Article 10, paragraph two, of the Penal Enforcement Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, introduced pursuant to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. LRU-915 of 27 February 2024 // lex.uz.
Article 21, paragraph one, of the Penal Enforcement Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as amended by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. LRU-938 of 7 August 2024 — National Legislation Database, 7 August 2024, No. 03/24/938/0591 // lex.uz.
Article 25¹, paragraph one, of the Penal Enforcement Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as amended by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. LRU-938 of 7 August 2024 — National Legislation Database, 7 August 2024, No. 03/24/938/0591 // lex.uz.
On Introducing Additions and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, adopted by the Legislative Chamber on 15 April 2025, approved by the Senate on 4 September 2025, signed on 15 January 2026, No. LRU-1114 // lex.uz. URL: https://lex.uz/uz/docs/-7996762.
Article 73, paragraph four, of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan defines the category of convicted persons to whom conditional early release from punishment is not applicable, with the exception of persons sentenced to life imprisonment // lex.uz.
Article 74¹ of the Criminal Code, introduced pursuant to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. LRU-1114 of 15 January 2026 — National Legislation Database, 16 January 2026, No. 03/26/1114/0047.
Helen Fair, Roy Walmsley, World Prison Population List, 14th edition (London: Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research — ICPR, Birkbeck, University of London, 2024).
ICPR/World Prison Brief data; Statista analysis.
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (“the Nelson Mandela Rules”), adopted by United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/70/175 of 17 December 2015.
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (“the Tokyo Rules”), adopted by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 45/110 of 14 December 1990.
United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (“the Bangkok Rules”), adopted by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 65/229 of 21 December 2010; Penal Reform International and Thailand Institute of Justice, Global Prison Trends 2025 (May 2025), which, on the occasion of the fifteenth anniversary of the Bangkok Rules, emphasizes the continuing increase in the imprisonment of women and the need for gender-responsive measures.
Recommendation Rec(2006)2-rev of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to Member States on the European Prison Rules, revised version of 2020.
Ben Crewe, Thomas Ugelvik et al., “Nordic Penal Exceptionalism: A Comparative, Empirical Analysis”, The British Journal of Criminology (2022).
Meagan Denny, “Norway’s Prison System: Investigating Recidivism and Reintegration”, BridGES: A Journal of Student Research, vol. 10, iss. 10 (2021).
Frieder Dünkel, Ineke Pruin, Anette Storgaard and Jonas Weber (eds.), Prisoner Resettlement in Europe (London: Routledge, 2019).
Articles 46 (correctional labour) and 45 (restriction of liberty) of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan // lex.uz, https://lex.uz/docs/-111453.
Fergus McNeill, Pervasive Punishment: Making Sense of Mass Supervision (Bingley: Emerald Publishing, 2019). The book received the European Society of Criminology Book Award in 2021.
Penal Reform International and Thailand Institute of Justice, Global Prison Trends 2024, 10th ed. (September 2024).
Penal Reform International, Thailand Institute of Justice and EuroPris, Global Prison Trends 2025 (May 2025), prepared with the participation of Ioan Durnescu of the University of Bucharest and Professor Dirk van Zyl Smit of the University of Nottingham.
