RAQAMLI AKTIVLARNING HUQUQIY MAQOMI VA NAZARIY YONDASHUVLAR
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raqamli aktivlar, kriptovalyutalar, kriptoaktivlar, raqamli huquqlar, raqamli huquqlar obyektlari, tokenlar##article.abstract##
Raqamli aktivlarning huquqiy tabiati yuzasidan huquqshunoslar o‘rtasida turli fikrlar mavjud: ayrimlar ularni fuqarolik huquqi obyekti sifatida talqin qilsa, boshqalar ularni yuridik obyektga bo‘lgan huquqni tasdiqlovchi vosita deb hisoblaydi. Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi — Raqamli aktivlar ikkala funksiyani ham bajarishi mumkinligini asoslashdan iborat. Raqamli aktivlar mutlaq huquqlar va nisbiy huquqlar obyektlari bo‘lishi mumkin. Anglosakson huquqi doktrinasi kriptovalyutalar va raqamli qimmatli qog‘ozlarga bo‘lgan mutlaq huquqni mulk huquqi sifatida talqin qiladi. Romana-german huquq tizimi esa bunday obyektlarni mulk huquqi doirasiga kiritmaydi, chunki bu tizimda “mulk” har doim moddiy bo‘lishi lozim. Raqamli aktivlar esa nomoddiy hisoblanadi. Shuning uchun ularni mulk sifatida e’tirof etib bo‘lmaydi. Mazkur maqolada raqamli aktivlar yangi turdagi mutlaq huquq — an’anaviy mulk huquqiga o‘xshash, ammo bir asosiy farqi bilan ajralib turadigan huquq obyekti ekanligi ilgari suriladi. Bu farq — obyekt albatta moddiy bo‘lishi shart emasligidadir. Maqolaning nazariy xulosasiga ko‘ra, ushbu yangi huquq “mutlaq raqamli huquq” (absolute digital right) deb atalishi tavsiya etiladi.
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