SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES’ EXPERIENCE REGARDING CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR CRIMES COMMITTED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, criminal liability, subject of crime, comparative law, autonomous algorithm, guilt, causation, supervisory obligation, technological neutrality, electronic personhood, risk-based regulation, legal qualificationAbstract
The article examines comparative legal models of liability for crimes committed using artificial intelligence technologies. The approaches of Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, and Kazakhstan are compared with the risk-based regulatory model of the European Union. The study explores the role of artificial intelligence as a means of committing a crime, the doctrinal debate over recognizing artificial intelligence as an independent subject of crime, and the difficulties in establishing guilt and causation arising from autonomous decision-making. The study substantiates that the violation of sector-specific safety obligations does not, in itself, automatically entail criminal liability. A three-stage assessment model combining technological neutrality, personal culpability, and legally established supervisory obligations is proposed. Specific proposals are developed for the legislation and judicial practice of Uzbekistan concerning the legal qualification of the use of artificial intelligence, technical examination of algorithms, and the delineation of liability for negligence.
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