SOME ISSUES IN DISTINGUISHING A CLAIM FOR THE PAYMENT OF INSURANCE INDEMNITY UNDER A COMPULSORY CARRIER CIVIL LIABILITY INSURANCE CONTRACT FROM OTHER TYPES OF CLAIMS
Keywords:
carrier, civil liability, compulsory insurance, insurance indemnity, compensation for damage, tort obligation, insurer, policyholder, injured party, beneficiary, compensation, compensatory payment, insured event, sum insured, judicial practice.Abstract
This article examines the legal nature of a claim for the payment of insurance indemnity arising in the context of compulsory insurance of a carrier’s civil liability, as well as the issues involved in distinguishing such a claim from claims for damages, compensation, and other types of claims. The study explores the specific features of legal relations arising between the insurer, the carrier, and the injured party, the correlation between insurance obligations and tort obligations, as well as the substantive and legal differences between insurance indemnity and payments made in compensation for damage. Particular attention is given to certain terminological and legal ambiguities associated with the use of the concepts of “insurance indemnity,” “compensation,” and “compensatory payment” in the current legislation. The article further analyzes existing approaches in judicial practice concerning the legal status of the insurer, the possibility of involving the insurer as a co-defendant in tort obligations, and the assessment of claims brought by a carrier against the insurer where the carrier has independently compensated the damage caused. Based on the findings of the study, the article proposes recognizing a claim for the payment of insurance indemnity as an independent legal claim, distinct from a claim for compensation for damage. It also puts forward proposals aimed at clarifying certain terms used in legislation and improving the relevant legal provisions.
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