JON LOKKNING FUQAROLIK JAMIYATI BORASIDAGI ASOSIY FALSAFIY QARASHLARI
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Jon Lokk, tabiiy huquqlar, ijtimoiy shartnoma, fuqarolik jamiyati, tabiiy holat, tabiiy qonun, mulk huquqi, erkinlik, hayot huquqi##article.abstract##
Ushbu ilmiy-tahliliy matnda Yevropa ma’rifatparvarligi davrining yetuk vakili Jon Lokkning fuqarolik jamiyati, tabiiy huquqlar, ijtimoiy shartnoma, tabiiy qonun va mulk konsepsiyasi kabi fundamental falsafiy tushunchalarga oid qarashlari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Lokkning fikricha, inson o‘z mohiyatiga ko‘ra erkin, aql-idrok egasi va tabiiy huquqlarga – hayot, erkinlik va mulk huquqiga ega mavjudotdir. Bu huquqlar tug‘ilishdan berilgan bo‘lib, ularni hech bir hukumat tortib ololmaydi; aksincha, hukumatning mavjudligi aynan shu huquqlarni himoya qilish zaruratidan kelib chiqadi. Lokkning ijtimoiy shartnoma nazariyasi shaxs va hokimiyat o‘rtasidagi axloqiy va huquqiy munosabatlarga asoslangan bo‘lib, u hokimiyatni legitimlashtiruvchi asos sifatida xalq roziligini ko‘rsatadi.
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